What is a formal expression of opinion to a proposed decision?

The correct answer is associated with the concept of expressing an opinion on a proposed decision through a procedural method. Voting serves as a formal mechanism where individuals can indicate their support or opposition to a specific issue or decision. This process is essential in democratic systems, allowing members of a group, organization, or society to participate in decision-making.

In contrast, debate typically involves discussing and arguing different viewpoints about a topic but does not necessarily lead to a formal consensus or decision. A referendum is a type of voting where the electorate decides directly on a particular proposal, often relating to constitutional amendments or changes in laws, but it is not the broad term for expressing opinions generally. A survey gathers opinions from individuals but is more about collecting data rather than a formal expression of support or opposition through a decision-making process.

Overall, voting stands out as the correct answer because it specifically denotes the formal action taken to express a collective opinion on a proposed decision.